Adobe Illustrator
Really, if you're looking to create vectors of any scale, Adobe Illustrator will do it, and it is still industry standard. Yeah, there is Inkscape, which is free, but I personally don't like the interface, it feels clunky. Plus, the likelihood is pretty high of going to another company and them preferring Illustrator skills.
Creating small graphics, icons, full packaging, flyers, converting raster images to vector, even creating booklets. As with any Adobe program, it's a solid program and helps us get our work done.
Pros
This thing is a solid vector editor. From pen tool, to brushes, fancy lines or simple, Illustrator has you covered. Being able to convert raster to vector comes in handy fairly often. It isn't perfect, but considering some of the images I pass through it does a nice job. Some things like gradients and figuring out how to do rounded corners can be a bit tedious, but not bad once you figure it out.
Cons
I dislike that Adobe Illustrator sometimes does not display artwork exactly and that I have to turn on Pixel Preview to see it exactly.